Taiwan’s Energy Situation:

Current and Forecast

An overview based on publicly available government data and policy plans

Overview

This webpage provides an interactive overview of Taiwan’s electricity sector, utilizing publicly available data from the Energy Administration under the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), Taiwan Power Company (Taipower), and relevant government statements regarding future energy development plans through 2033.

The objective of this platform is to support fact-based discussions on Taiwan’s energy outlook by offering users a quantitative tool to explore trends in:

  • Installed energy capacity
  • Forecasted electricity demand
  • Development of renewable and non-renewable sources
  • Reserve margins and nighttime power availability
  • Potential scenarios involving nuclear power and fuel diversification
The page features an interactive tool that lets users adjust 2033 energy assumptions and instantly compare them with 2024 data. It provides a clear view of installed capacity, power generation, and electricity demand across both years.

Summary

As of 2024, Taiwan’s electricity supply was sufficient. Installed capacity met the country’s demand, and total electricity generation slightly exceeded national consumption. Base load capacity was primarily supported by fossil fuels, with nuclear power still contributing on a limited basis. However, following the decommissioning of Taiwan’s last operating nuclear plant in May 2025, the nation officially entered a nuclear-free era.

 

By 2033, total installed capacity is projected to grow substantially, particularly in solar and wind. However, due to the intermittent nature of renewables, whether electricity generation can consistently meet demand will depend on actual output conditions and policy implementation. Dispatchable sources such as gas and coal will continue to play a critical role in stabilizing peak load coverage, especially during nighttime hours.

Step 1: Adjust Energy Supply

Use the sliders to customize the installed capacity of each energy source. The simulator will automatically update the projected power generation based on your settings.

2033 Energy Demand

Based on your selected growth rate, 2033 demand is projected from the 2024 baseline. The default value reflects MOEA’s 2.8% estimate.

Growth rate: 2.8%

2033 Energy Supply

Renewable Energy
Non-Renewable Energy
Nuclear Power

Taiwan has three nuclear power plants, each with two independent reactors. Select how many reactors are active for each plant below:

Reset to Default

Note:

The maximum values for each energy type reflect the upper limits projected for 2033 based on Taiwan’s national energy plan, as outlined by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Taipower. These figures represent the highest feasible installed capacity under current infrastructure and policy assumptions.

Certain energy sources—such as pumped-hydro, hydro, geothermal, biomass, and waste—are included in the projections but are not adjustable via the sliders, as their capacities are expected to remain relatively stable through 2033 with limited potential for large-scale expansion. As a result, when all adjustable sliders (e.g., wind and solar) are set to their minimum or maximum values, the total renewable capacity percentage may not reach exactly 0% or 100%. This design emphasizes wind and solar as the primary focus areas for future renewable energy growth in Taiwan.

Step 2: Review the Results

After adjusting the supply, check whether the estimated annual power generation meets the projected electricity demand for 2033, or if there is a potential shortfall.

Summary

Power Generation vs Electricity Demand

Installed Capacity by Energy Source

Definitions and Methodology

Total output (MW or GW) a power source can generate under optimal operating conditions.
Formula: (Dispatchable Supply – Peak Demand) ÷ Peak Demand × 100 Note: Solar and wind are excluded from dispatchable supply due to intermittency.
Formula: (Nighttime Supply – Peak Demand) ÷ Peak Demand × 100
Formula: Installed Capacity × Capacity Factor × 8,760 hours/year
Energy Type Capacity Factor (CF) Nighttime Peak Factor
Coal 0.6 0.89
Gas 0.6 0.89
Oil 0.6 0.89
Nuclear 0 0
Pumped-Hydro 0.12 0.85
Wind 0.14 0.11
Solar 0.3 0
Hydro 0.4 0.85
Geothermal 0.8 0.8
Biomass 0.5 0.5
Waste 0.5 0.5
  • Thermal (coal, gas, oil): 89% of installed capacity.
  • Nuclear: 100% if operational.
  • Pumped Hydro: 85% for 4 daily peak hours.
  • Hydro (run-of-river/reservoir): 85% at peak hours.
  • Wind: 14% daytime, 11% night.
  • Solar: 30% daytime, 0% night.
  • Geothermal: 80% of installed capacity.
  • Biomass: 50% of installed capacity.
  • Waste-to-Energy: 50% of installed capacity.

References

  • Energy Administration, MOEA. (2024). 2023 National Electricity Supply and Demand Report.
  • Hsiao, T.-H., Huang, K.-L., & Ko, F.-K. (2018). Assessment on Renewable Energy Generation in Taiwan. Journal of Taiwan Energy.
  • TPC. (n.d.). Overview of Purchased Power – Renewable Energy. Retrieved from https://www.taipower.com.tw/2289/2363/2380/2385/10625/normalPost
  • TPC. (n.d.). Power Development Plan – Long-Term. Retrieved from https://www.taipower.com.tw/2289/2363/2367/2372/10318/normalPost
  • TPC. (n.d.). Explanation of Operating Reserve. Retrieved from https://www.taipower.com.tw/2289/2363/2367/2372/10316/
  • ESIST. (n.d.). Taiwan Energy Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.esist.org.tw/
  • Yu, Y.-T., & Kuo, C.-L. (2024). Electricity demand may grow 13% by 2030. PTS News. Retrieved from https://news.pts.org.tw/article/705029