The banking market in Taiwan has been volatile over the past two years due to unexpected incidents such as Brexit-related uncertainties and the lingering U.S.-China trade tensions. Then came another “black swan”: the 2019 novel coronavirus, which spread into a global pandemic. These potentially damaging events could exacerbate conditions and shake financial markets at a time when the global economy was already slowing.
To reduce the impact of the uncertain global conditions, the government has taken steps to liberalize Taiwan’s financial sector. For example, it has encouraged the financing of windfarm projects as a new and very important business opportunity for the banking industry. The measure is enabling foreign banks with offshore-wind experience to bring their expertise to Taiwan, where they can work together with local financial institutions.
We look forward to continued liberalization to attract more foreign institutions to participate in the market and bring more business opportunities to Taiwan from neighboring financial hubs.
The government has also been carrying out deregulation in a timely and concrete manner to improve the business environment for Taiwan’s banking industry. The Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) deserves credit for recent policies aimed at upgrading the competitiveness of Taiwan’s financial sector, such as its efforts in promoting financial technology (fintech), developing green finance, and expanding the scale of the capital market. Moreover, to expand the scale of Taiwan’s wealth management business, the FSC plans to promulgate a “New Wealth Management Scheme,” allowing a greater variety of financial products and services to be provided. As responsible members of the financial community in Taiwan, we aim to contribute to the sustainable development of the banking industry and help make Taiwan one of Asia’s financial hubs.
The Committee particularly wishes to thank the Taiwan financial authorities for paying extra attention to our recommendations in last year’s Taiwan White Paper and taking meaningful follow-up actions. For example, the definition of recognized Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) was expanded to help encourage green financing.
In this year’s paper, we have focused our attention on four main points whose objectives are in line with the FSC’s main policies. These are (i) removing affiliate trading restrictions on bank and securities firm sales and trading activities, (ii) relaxing loan loss and guarantee reserve requirements for foreign bank branches, (iii) promoting digital solutions for corporate banking and (iv) relaxing regulations governing bank eligibility to offer financial products and services to high-asset customers.
We believe that all these points could be resolved within the coming year. In view of the FSC’s desire to expand Taiwan’s financial market and increase employment opportunities, the first step in that effort should be to allow more products to be made available to additional types of customers in Taiwan. In this way, the Taiwan financial industry will become more competitive vis à vis neighboring financial markets such as Hong Kong and Singapore, and the ability to retain talent and develop the Taiwan industry will be enhanced.
Suggestion 1: Exempt the sales and trading activities of banks and securities firms from affiliate trading restrictions.
A bank engaged in trading of offshore securities is deemed to be concurrently engaging in the securities business, making the bank subject to Article 31-3 of the Regulations Governing Securities Firms (the “Regulations”). Under the restrictions set forth in that Article, securities firms (including such banks) are prohibited from trading offshore securities with their own offshore affiliates. The rationale for the restriction is to prevent securities firms from engaging in profit-and-loss manipulation through transactions with affiliates. However, this restriction has impeded banks and securities firms from engaging in a core business activity and from entering into arm’s-length transactions with related parties.
The banking and securities industries are highly regulated and subject to strict scrutiny by the FSC and regulators in other countries. In those countries, inter-affiliate transactions are governed by a well-established, stringent regulatory framework as well as internal controls. Thus, it is unnecessary to prohibit banks and securities firms from entering into arm’s-length transactions with their offshore affiliates. As a result, in last year’s White Paper the Committee suggested loosening the restrictions imposed under Article 31-3 of the Regulations.
The Committee was pleased to learn from a recent FSC announcement that a proposed amendment to Article 31-3 would allow securities broker-dealers to engage in transactions with their offshore affiliates upon a super-majority board resolution and within the product scope listed in Article 19-1, Paragraph 1 and Article 31-1 of the Regulations. The Amendment would also allow the board of directors of a broker-dealer to grant a generic authorization for transactions meeting certain criteria and trading limits.
Clarification is still needed as to how the Amendment may be applied. For example, what will be the method for determining “Public Market Price” and whether an offshore structured note can meet the “Public Market Price” criteria? And how to determine the transaction balance and net worth under Article 31-1, Paragraph 2, items 3 and 4?
Further, it needs to be clarified whether the repo/reverse repo position held by the securities broker-dealer with its offshore affiliates will be excluded from the transaction balance as long as the risk of such repo/reverse repo position has been transferred and mitigated.
The Committee supports the Amendment and will be happy to continue providing input on its implementation and relevant rulings in line with the goal of providing clarity and enhancing the operational flexibility of banks and securities broker-dealer, while facilitating affiliated transactions between securities firms and their interested parties.
Suggestion 2: Relax the loan loss reserve and guarantee reserve requirements for foreign bank branches in Taiwan.
The main clients of foreign bank branches in Taiwan are large corporations or clients with high net worth, the assets of which are of good credit quality and create low risk exposure. As per the impairment allowance treatment based on financial asset quality and the expected credit loss (ECL) model defined in IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standard) 9, the expected amount of reserves for such types of clients is relatively low. However, according to “Regulations Governing the Procedures for Banking Institutions to Evaluate Assets and Deal with Non-performing/Non-accrual loans” (“the Regulations”), a bank is required to provide a 1% loan- loss reserve and guarantee reserve for normal credit assets, regardless of changes in the underlying credit risk.
In addition, an FSC ruling requires that banks post reserves based either on the Regulations or IFRS 9, whichever requires the higher reserve. This requirement has caused foreign bank branches to provide considerably higher amounts of reserves than required under the expected credit loss framework in IFRS 9. Thus, without regard to credit asset quality, a foreign bank branch is required to provide excessive minimum loan-loss reserves in line with the Regulations.
This considerably higher loan-loss reserve ratio not only reduces a bank’s financial flexibility and profitability, but also constrains the bank’s lending capacity, all of which has a detrimental impact on its loan business and affects corporate clients’ operational financing and M&A-related short-term funding needs.
The foreign bank’s head office has already provided loan-loss reserves for its global credit assets based on the financial accounting standard or regulatory requirements in its home jurisdiction. Those reserves cover the expected asset impairment losses of its branches globally. In addition, the loan-loss reserve difference between IFRS 9 criteria and the Regulations is one of timing only, and thus will be fully reversed upon return of the loan. Hence, permitting use of IFRS 9 rather than the Regulations will not have any impact on the operations of the foreign banks.
The Committee notes that foreign bank branches are exempted from capital adequacy ratio requirements and that a local bank’s excess loan-loss reserve in excess of the expected loan-loss level can be counted as part of the bank’s Tier II capital. We were pleased to learn that the FSC is considering a proposal to amend relevant regulations and rulings to allow – after taking into account the overall loan-loss reserve provision and asset quality – the base for calculating the lending capacity of a foreign bank branch to be increased by the amount of excess loan-loss reserves beyond its total loan-loss level. The Committee supports this proposal and is willing to continue to contribute its input. We hope that implementation of the proposal will maintain foreign bank branches’ capacity to absorb loan loss, while helping to continue development of foreign banks’ lending business in Taiwan.
Suggestion 3: Promote digital solutions for corporate banking.
3.1 Relax regulations on digital corporate banking services to enhance banks’ digital competitiveness. The current online application processes for deposits and credit extensions are mainly open to consumer banking businesses only. As per the “Model Guideline for Processing an Online Deposit Account Opening Application,” the online account application for corporate banking is limited to “Sole Proprietorship” companies, registered under the Business Registration Act, which are owned by natural persons of ROC nationality over the age of 20.
Further with regard to credit-extension business, the “Guidelines for Security Measures of Financial Institutions for Electronic Banking Services” state that new and existing customers may use online services to 1) apply for personal loans, 2) increase housing or car loans within the amount secured by an existing mortgage, and 3) consent to the financial institution’s checking credit information online with the Joint Credit Information Center. However, new corporate customers are unable to apply for corporate loans online and must go through a time-consuming, in-person application process.
The COVID-19 outbreak looks to be a disruptive factor that will drive a shift to digital behavior and increase demand for online banking platforms. To reduce the risk of coronavirus infection, both individuals and corporations can increasingly be expected to prefer obtaining service online – including account opening, financing, and insurance – rather than in person. The demand for digital channels, products, and operational procedures is happening right now.
We recommend that the FSC take into account the differences in corporate and retail banking by relaxing regulations on online corporate account opening and corporate loan applications. If corporations can avail themselves of such online services outside the rigid constraints applicable to retail banking, it will help Taiwan stay abreast of the demand for digital financial services.
3.2 Establish a national data repository to connect financial services and facilitate customers’ access to financial services. Based on current business and AML/CFT (Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism) regulations, banks are required to collect various paper documents when implementing KYC/CDD (Know Your Customer/Client Due Diligence). Certain paper documents are needed for such tasks as validating identities using reliable, independent source materials; witnessing signature; opening corporate accounts; providing credit-extension services; and other transactions.
We recommend that the National Development Council establish a corporate version of the MyData service scheduled to go live this year, in order to provide corporate customers with a smoother customer experience, optimize banks’ client-identity management, and lower operating risk. This national data repository would allow corporate customers to download such company information as certified copies of certificates of registration/incorporation; articles of incorporation; lists of responsible persons, directors, supervisors, shareholders, or ultimate beneficial owners; lists of affiliates/groups; tax registration; income tax payment certificates; financial statements; proof of payment of utility bills, and other relevant information. Through online authorization, in addition, corporate customers could also allow government agencies or non-profit organizations to access their company information and allow for customized digital services as required by the company.
In conclusion, banks could use such a version of MyData as a reliable source of information for identity verification when corporate customers open corporate accounts or apply for loans. It further provides corporate customers with a seamless interface and enables digital identity verification. The replacement of paper documents for corporate account opening and loan applications through such a version of MyData would be a major step forward in enhancing banking efficiency in Taiwan.
Suggestion 4: Revise regulations governing financial products and services for high-asset customers.
In order to develop the wealth management business, the government is adopting regulations allowing eligible banks to provide a variety of wealth management products and services to “high-asset customers.” The Committee welcomes this relaxation. However, the proposed rules as to the eligibility of banks to engage in this business are too restrictive to meet the intended purpose of expanding the business scope of financial institutions.
For example, according to Article 3 of the draft “Regulations Governing Banks Conducting Financial Products and Services for High-Asset Customers,” the criteria for defining a high-asset customer includes holding both “investable assets and insurance products.” In turn, the definition of investable assets includes bank deposits, mutual funds, equity securities, securities such as bonds and bills (inclusive of repo), structured notes, gold passbooks, etc. All these assets are counted as the customer’s Assets Under Management (AuM) to determine whether the customer is qualified to be considered a “high-asset customer.” The drafting notes to Article 3 indicate that the above criteria were based on references to such similar concepts as the “Private Banking Customer” defined by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. A circular issued by HKMA stipulates that “investable assets” also include securities, deposits, and certificates of deposits. If customers hold only deposits, the deposits are not excluded when calculating the assets threshold.
We also note that in the newly released draft for the “high-asset customer” wealth management program for security firms, there is no AuM qualification requirement.
The Committee firmly believes that a fair competitive environment for domestic and foreign banks is required to maintain a growing and healthy wealth-management market. Since AuM are accumulated over time, the AuM criterion has become a steep barrier to entry for most global banks interested in participating in Taiwan’s financial market. For existing foreign banks who have already made significant investments in Taiwan as part of a long-term investment plan, the AuM criterion in the current draft precludes them from participating in Taiwan’s wealth-management market on equal terms.
To enable qualified banks applying for businesses stipu-lated under Article 7, item 2, to align with Article 3 for the sake of consistency, the Committee recommends:
- Align with the regulation for security firms by removing the AuM requirement for banks when applying for business licenses under the “Regulations Governing Banks Conducting Financial Products and Services for High-Asset Customers.”
- Alternatively, confirm that the scale and scope of a bank’s financial management service shall include insurance products as well as customers who hold only deposits – rather than excluding these customers as stated in the current drafting notes. In global markets, deposits are deemed to be one type of investable asset, and customers can easily and freely transfer funds from deposit accounts to any other investment product at their discretion. Including customers who hold only deposit accounts will not only encourage banks in Taiwan to engage in such “high-asset customer” business, but will also increase Taiwan’s chances of becoming a regional financial hub in the Asia Pacific, further enhancing Taiwan’s competitiveness in the world.
- Grant exceptions to the AuM qualification rule under Article 7, item 2 based on the nature of the business, implementation level of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and contribution to Taiwan’s market development. This discretion would help Taiwan’s overall wealth management market to eventually reach international standard by attracting elite foreign banks with global best practices to participate in the market. The evaluation criteria could be a combination of following:
(1) Total wealth management AuM greater than NT$10 billion;
(2) Strengthened education by the applicant bank in the past year for its core asset-management function staff in research, products, risk management, or local investment;
(3) A proven record of the applicant bank over the past three years in the areas of implementing CSR as a core value, fostering a sustainable environment, preserving public welfare, and exercising corporate governance; and
(4) Preparation of a Taiwan wealth management business development plan.
過去兩年台灣金融市場因受到許多始料未及的「黑天鵝」事件,如英國脫歐進展以及中美貿議談判等因素,引發大幅度波動。「2019新型冠狀病毒肺炎」的擴散,疫情迅速漫延至世界多國,從亞洲、歐洲、中東乃至其他地區均有大量確診案例,成為全球性的大瘟疫,同時亦引發金融市場動蕩,讓原本已走緩的全球經濟狀況雪上加霜。
政府針對台灣金融業自由化所做的努力,已協助業者減輕全球經濟不確定所帶來的衝擊。舉例來說,綠色金融的發展已為產業帶來新的商機。此項措施,將有助外國銀行引進離岸風電專業融資經驗,促進外國銀行與本國銀行共同合作,以提供綠能產業之專案融資需求。本委員會期待,台灣政府持續推動台灣金融環境之自由化,吸引更多外國金融機構參與本地市場,並可在與其他區域金融中心的競爭中,取得更多的商機。
本委員會欣見,政府法規鬆綁,銀行業環境不斷改善。金管會現行推動的政策如推廣數位金融科技、發展綠色金融與擴大資本市場規模等措施。此外,金管會為拓展本地財富管理業務,爰推出「財富管理新方案」,透過法規鬆綁,進一步開放更多元化之金融商品及服務,以擴大我國財富管理業務規模。此等政策的實施,將有效改善本地銀行業環境與強化競爭力。
感謝政府關注去年本委員會所提的建議,一些議題如「綠色融資-放寬目前銀行法下相關函令所認可之出口信貸機構(Export Credit Agency)之定義」,已取得具體進展。今年度所提出的五項議題,本委員會相信與金管會當前的政策方向一致,可望於今年獲得解決。展望金管會就擴展金融市場及增加就業機會之目標,本委員會認為主管機關當考量進一步鬆綁放寬提供予各類型投資人之產品範疇,以期能將商機留在台灣,並可藉此提升台灣本地金融產業與鄰近金融市場(如香港、新加坡)的競爭力。身為台灣金融業界盡責的成員,本委員會持續致力於銀行業永續發展,協助打造台灣成為亞洲重要的金融市場。
建議一:放寬銀行/證券商與海外關係企業自行買賣有價證券業務之限制
證券商自行買賣外國有價證券及銀行兼營自行買賣外國有價證券之證券業務,受《證券商管理規則》第三十一條之三之限制,即不得與海外關係企業進行買賣或交易外國有價證券。參照立法意旨,主要係為避免證券商與海外關係企業進行買賣或交易發生損益操縱之行為,惟從事有價證券投資或買賣本屬證券商及銀行之核心業務,上述限制,亦阻礙銀行或證券商與其境外關係企業進行條件未優於其他交易對手條件之常規交易。由於銀行業及證券商為高度管制之產業,就關係人交易亦訂有嚴格管理規範及內控要求,實無必要完全禁止其與海外關係企業進行符合市場常規之交易。茲此,本委員會之前建議修正《證券商管理規則》第三十一條之三規定,放寬銀行及證券商不得與海外關係企業自行買賣有價證券之限制。
本委員會欣見金管會已修正《證券商管理規則》第三十一條之三條文,開放證券自營商得於本規則第十九條之一第一項及第三十一條之一規定自行買賣之外國債券及衍生性金融商品交易範圍內,經董事會重度決議與海外關係企業進行買賣或交易,並明定得授權經理部門辦理之條件及交易限額。然而,修正後法規於適用上,仍存有若干疑義,例如,授權經理部門辦理之條件,係以買賣或交易標的具有公開市價為前提,而公開市價之認定標準為何;境外結構型商品交易是否得符合公開市價之標準?此外,第三十一條之一第二項第三款及第四款之「買賣及交易總餘額」及「淨值」應如何認定?再者,對於證券自營商為客戶執行交易之指示辦理附條件債券交易者,若在風險已有效轉移下,產生之附條件留倉交易部位是否可免計入限額?本委員會樂於持續提供相關意見,俾得提升銀行及自營商經營彈性、符合交易實務需求,並有效強化證券商與利害關係人之交易管理。
建議二: 放寬外國銀行在台分行授信資產之備抵呆帳及保證準備之提列
外銀在台分行之授信對象以大型企業客戶或高淨值客戶為主,其授信資產屬高品質低風險之資產,依IFRS9規定以金融資產品質及信用風險狀況計算備抵損失金額,其應提列之備抵損失準備相對為低。惟依《銀行資產評估損失提列及逾期放款催收呆帳處理辦法》(《處理辦法》),銀行對於正常授信資產,不論其信用風險是否變化,應提足債權資產餘額百分之一之備抵呆帳及保證責任準備。且依金管會相關函令規定,銀行應以處理辦法及IFRS9兩者孰高者,評估並計算備抵呆帳及保證責任準備之提列數額,其結果,導致外銀在台分行須提列之備抵呆帳準備,遠超過IFRS9依金融資產品質實際風險計算之提列標準。此超額提列除導致外銀分行於非壓力情形下維持過高之備抵呆帳比率,有過度限縮外銀分行財務操作範疇並影響正常獲利空間之虞外,亦影響外銀淨值及易導致累積虧損,導致外銀須嚴格限制放款之供給,進而衝擊授信業務發展,亦影響企業戶日常營運融資及進行併購時所需之短期資金融通需求。
查,外銀總行就全球授信資產,已依所在國財務會計準則或法律及其金融主管機關規定提列備抵損失準備,以支應全球各分行授信資產之資產減損損失;再者,備抵呆帳提列之差異係屬時間性差異,於企業戶還款時即全數迴轉沖銷,故對外國銀行分行之經營體質實無任何影響。
本委員會欣然樂見金管會考量外銀分行尚不適用資本適足率規範,擬參照對本國銀行超過預期損失部分計入第二類資本規範之精神,修正相關規定,斟酌備抵呆帳提列與資產品質情形,與超過帳上資產損失加預期損失即總損失部分,所增加之備抵呆帳考量計入外國銀行分行授信之核算基礎。本委員會支持上述方向,並樂於提供相關意見,俾使法規之修正與相關函令之施行,得確保外銀分行對授信資產之損失承擔能力,並有助於外銀分行在台授信業務之持續發展。
建議三:企業金融數位化
3.1 建議訂定企業數位化金融服務相關規範,提升企業金融數位化競爭力
現行存款業務、授信業務開放之銀行線上服務多側重於消費金融業務,就企業金融數位化,目前「銀行受理客戶以網路方式開立數位存款帳戶作業範本」僅開放本國商業登記法登記之獨資組織,且負責人限本國國籍之成年自然人申請開立數位存款帳戶,未及於其他公司型態;其次「金融機構辦理電子銀行業務安全控管作業基準」授信業務僅開放既有客戶及新戶申辦(1)個人貸款、(2)房貸及車貸於原抵押權擔保範圍內之增貸、(3)同意金融機構查詢聯徵中心係用資料,惟尚未開放新戶申辦企業貸款,致企業客戶多需透過線下作業申辦有關業務耗時費日。此外,有鑑於新冠肺炎的大規模擴散,提升強化民眾選擇數位與線上金融的意願與行為。不管是個人或是企業在生活和公司營運上都傾向採用線上方式進行 (而非以面對面方式),例如:線上開戶、線上貸款與網路投保等。且為避免感染新冠肺炎,客戶甚至希望在申辦過程中,避免與人員碰面。為此,數位化申辦管道、產品與作業流程需求都變得更明確。
本委員會建議金管會得開放企業戶開戶暨/或授信線上服務,並責陳相關權責單位研議制定相關規範及管理機制,以補足金融數位化發展之缺口。
3.2 建議建立政府開放資料庫,介接金融服務,提高客戶與金融產業往來便利性
依現行業法及洗錢防制/打擊資恐相關規範,銀行辦理企業開戶、授信或各類交易須徵提多樣證明文件,以可靠獨立來源之文件資料或資訊辨識及驗證客戶身分、辦理見簽對保等作業以進行「認識你的客戶(KYC)」盡職調查。
為提供企業戶更流暢便捷之客戶體驗、優化銀行客戶身份管理及降低作業風險,建議國發會除預計於今年上線之數位服務個人化(MyData)創新服務外,同時研議建置企業版之MyData開放資料庫,使企業戶得依其需求自行下載公司資料(如公司登記/變更登記卡、公司權力文件、負責人/董監事/股東名冊、公司最終受益人、關係企業/集團、稅籍、營業所得、納稅證明、財報、水電繳費證明等相關資料),或是透過線上服務授權方式,由企業戶授權政府機關或民間業者取得其公司資料,客製化企業所需的數位化服務。
據此,銀行得信賴MyData作為企業客戶銀行開戶或申貸時所需之身分識別及驗證之可靠獨立來源,提供企業客戶無縫隙之介面設計及落實數位身分認證。此亦有助益於上述企業線上開戶與授信業務之開展。
建議四:銀行辦理高資產客戶適用之金融商品及服務管理辦法
為推動理財服務產業升級,金管會已研擬相關法規,協助銀行建立服務高資產理財客戶業務。藉由增加金融商品多樣化,提升我國高資產理財管理產業及人才。本委員會欣見此項業務的開放,將有助於推動財富管理業務之發展。
欲長遠健全發展我國財富管理的產業,其必要先決條件之一便是營造一個可以允許外商與本土銀行公平競爭的開放市場環境。對欲發展財富管理業務的業者來說,累積資產規模需要相當的時間深耕與投資。草案中關於管理資產規模之申請資格,極大的限制了有意投資台灣的國際級銀行業者進入台灣的金融市場的機會,同時也讓已長期深耕台灣的外商銀行無法在財富管理產業中公平競爭。
為發展本地財富管理產業、鼓勵更多銀行參與本項業務以服務高資產客戶,本委員會建議修正《銀行辦理高資產客戶適用之金融商品及服務管理辦法》草案第七條第二項:
- (1) 為避免不同業別的金融服務機構經營相同或類似業務時,適用不同法規規範標準不一致之不公平現象,建議參考新公佈之《證券商受託買賣外國有價證券管理規則》部分條文修正草案及《證券商辦理財富管理業務應注意事項》第六點修正草案,僅以資本適足率、財務狀況以及法令遵循/守法性為申請辦理條件。。
(2) 如仍須考量辦理理財服務之管理資產規模為申請條件之一,則本草案第三條明訂高資產客戶財力證明之認定包括「可投資資產淨值及保險商品價值」,可投資資產,指存款、共同基金、權益證券、債券及票券含附買回交易等有價證券、結構型商品、黃金存摺等金融資產;香港金融管理局對私人銀行客戶之可投資資產認定,亦包括存款與有價證券,並未將僅有存款餘額而無任何金融商品投資之理財客戶排除在資產規模計算。考量第三條及第七條範圍一致性得納入「保險商品價值」,另,客戶本係為理財目的而成為銀行客戶且其存款可隨時轉換為投資商品,建議仍維持可投資資產之計算,無需將僅有存款餘額而無任何金融商品投資之理財客戶予以排除。
- 此外,建議參考金管會頒布之「鼓勵境外基金深耕計畫」差異化管理精神以及臺灣證券交易所頒布之「上市上櫃公司企業社會責任實務守則」鼓勵及引導履行企業社會責任,增加第四款「或依深耕台灣規模、實踐企業社會責任以及業務性質逐案審核」,綜合考量下列四項評估指標,以鼓勵大型國際財富管理銀行集團增加對台投資,擴充我國資產管理業務與人才並深化在台業務經營:
(1)財富管理資產規模超過新台幣一百億。
(2)最近一年在在台據點培育投資研究、產品設計、風險控管或投資交易等核心資產管理技術人才,有具體成效。
(3)最近三年在台營運活動善盡企業社會責任,重視環境、社會與公司治理之因素,並將其納入公司管理方針與核心策略。
(4)深耕台灣財管業務規劃。
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台美科技產業合作的最佳基地-桃園
SDG Luncheon with Taoyuan City Mayor Cheng Wen-tsan
The Future Enterprise: Digitalization, Dematerialization, Sustainability, Global Workforce
與台北市長柯文哲午餐會
Meet the Mayor: Luncheon with Taipei City Mayor
AmCham Taiwan
Phone: +886-2-2718-8226